Google responded on Twitter to a question about using anchors in your destination URLs within your Google Ads campaigns. In short, anchors should not impact your campaign performance in a negative or positive manner. Google said “Using anchored links on the web pages that you’re promoting through Google Ads shouldn’t affect your campaign’s performance as long as your web pages comply with our advertising policies.”

If this works anything like web search – anchors in URLs are ignored by Google and are treated as a single URL. So for example, if I have a URL like domain.com/pageA.html and then I have several anchors on the page such as domain.com/pageA.html#section1 and domain.com/pageA.html#section2 – Google just sees the URLs as domain.com/pageA.html without the # and what follows.

This is probably the same for Google Ads.

Forum discussion at Twitter.