Since Google released the ability to customize the search preferences a hundred years ago, the only option was to save those preferences to the specific computer/browser you set the preference on. If you used multiple browsers, different computers or devices, you had to set those preferences on each one.

That has changed, Google announced on Google+ and Google Web Search Help forums that you can now save your search preferences to your Google account.

To do so, go to google.com/preferences and set your preferences and click on the save button.

From now on, no matter what computer you use, as long as you are logged in, you will get the same preferences.

I should note that Google mobile search settings are different and you need to save those preferences differently when you are on a mobile device.

Google said in a help document:

Finally, if you are not logged into Google, Google will only save those search preferences to the browser you are using. And only if that browser accepts cookies.

Forum discussion at Google+ and Google Web Search Help.